Poverty and Social Exclusion - UK Essays.
The social balance of the areas is disturbed by the departures and the people who remain are faced with concentrated poverty together with strengthening social stigmatisation and social exclusion. For example, families with low income are forced into dependency on housing benefit so, their choices of housing placement are restricted to the increasingly stigmatisation of social housing.
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Poverty has been associated, for example, with poor health, low levels of education or skills, an inability or an unwillingness to work, high rates of disruptive or disorderly behaviour, and improvidence. While these attributes have often been found to exist with poverty, their inclusion in a definition of poverty would tend to obscure the relation between them and the inability to provide for.
People who live in places of concentrated poverty are a minority of the poor, and people of color are not the only residents of such places. White Appalachia is a longstanding example of persistent poverty with devastating effects that carry on from generation to generation.
New research that I have carried out (with others) 7 raises questions about whether Wilson was right about the effects of concentrated poverty on the earnings, welfare receipt, or schooling outcomes of low-income families living in such areas. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized mobility experiment (described below) suggests.
The Enduring Challenge of Concentrated Poverty in America: Case Studies from Communities Across the U.S. A joinT ProjECT of ThE CommuniTy AffAirs offiCEs of ThE fEdErAl rEsErvE.
Since the rise of inner-city poverty in the United States, researchers have sought to interpret the dynamic between neighborhood and residents in communities of concentrated poverty. Through articles and books such as The Truly Disadvantaged and When Work Disappears, sociologist William Julius Wilson has been a key figure in first popularizing the discussion of neighborhood effects.